Ethical Issues Of Offshore Drilling - 1008 Words

Ethical Issues of Offshore Drilling As we know today, and have known for many years, BP is not just a local gas station that we go to sometimes to fill up our tanks. BP is a HUGE Multi-Billion dollar company! Many people believe they get there oil mostly from the mid-east but they’re also a company (or industry) that does offshore drilling for oil that is refined into a much more stable state that doesn’t blow up cars as soon as ignition occurs. Off shore drilling by definition on BP’s main site is drilling oil â€Å"35,000 feet (10,660 meters) below sea level, under layers of hard rock, thick salt and tightly packed sands.† The deep-water horizon, where BP drills thousands of oil from is located in the Gulf Mexico, a couple years ago on April 20th, 2010 BP had the largest explosion that resulted in a oil spill disaster in the petroleum/gas industry in history. BP oil spill killed 11 people and destroyed sea life. Many people say the whole thing could hav e been avoid if safety precautions were up-to-date. The definition of ethical dilemma is a choice between two options, both of which will bring a negative result based on society and personal guidelines (yourdictionary.com) and BP showed to have a ton of them. We can break down safety (main category) into a few subcategories: mechanical failures, human judgments, engineering design, operational implementation and team interfaces. It’s fair to say, but not all companies do this, some inspections occur from range ofShow MoreRelatedOffshore Drilling1527 Words   |  7 Pages Offshore Drilling Does anything out weigh the importance of our planet’s health? You would be surprised by the number of people who look the other way when it comes to keeping the planet clean. Offshore drilling is just one of the major environmental issues that has existed for many years and still continues to be a problem. The topic of offshore drilling not only touches on environmental issues but also political, economic, and ethical issues. All of these tie into the huge debate over offshoreRead MoreOffshore Oil Drilling and the Deepwater Horizon Spill of the Gulf of Mexico1591 Words   |  7 Pagesfossil fuel, oil drilling is used. Land-based oil drilling became less productive and as the global stipulation for energy increased, technology, law, and geology impacts stepped in and pushed the exploration of oil away from shores (CITE). With its historical background, offshore oil drilling is one of the most important aspects of today’s economy although we are faced with its risks an d consequences, such as the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion of the Gulf of Mexico. Offshore oil drilling is known asRead MoreEssay on Offshore Drilling3083 Words   |  13 PagesOffshore Drilling What is it? Drilling for oil in the ocean is one of the greatest technological breakthroughs in recent decades, and many new techniques have been developed to profit from the abundance of oil underneath the ocean floor. While drilling for oil has been around for hundreds of years in one form or the another, the effective extraction of petroleum from beneath the sea floor did not surface until the last forty years. The search for oil often turns out to be unproductive, butRead MoreBP Oil Spill and The Deep Water Horizon Accident1218 Words   |  5 PagesDeep Water Horizon was a nine year old semisubmersible drilling rig that was designed to operate in waters ten thousand feet deep. This particular rig was built by the South Korean company Hyundai and owned by Transocean, on the world’s largest offshore drilling contractors. BP would charter the Deep Water Horizon from March 2008 to September 2013 for deep exploratory drilling. BP would drilling off of the Gulf of Mexico eighteen thousand three hundred and sixty feet below sea level, in five thousandRead MoreShould The United States Suspend Arctic Offshore Drilling?1657 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversies within it. In the pro/con section of her article, Weeks asks the question, â€Å"Should the United States suspend Arctic offshore drilling?† Senator Mark Begich argues that the resources in the Arctic are too great of an opportunity to miss out on. Although Arctic drilling is a controversial topic, many people believe it should continue because of the financial and ethical circumstances; however, evidence to support this is lacking, which leads to the other side of the debate to be in the rightRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Bp Leased A Rig From Transocean1016 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility In order to access the crude oil there, BP leased a rig from Transocean, the world’s biggest offshore drilling company. With more than 26,000 employees and a fleet of 136 vessels, Transocean operates in some 30 countries. BP also hired Halliburton, the second largest oilfield services company, to cement and seal off the well once drilling was complete. Halliburton employs more than 50,000 people and provides services in 70 countries. Considering overall strategicRead MoreStrategic And Value Of Operations Management1599 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Macondo blowout† (Ocean Portal, 2012). The Bloomberg National Poll described the BP oil spill as a â€Å"freak accident†, urging the U.S. government not to shut down deep water drilling for those oil companies who adheres to proper safety guidelines and procedures (Brown et al., 2013). Those who are in opposition to deep water drilling criticized BP for improper procedures regarding safe operations and risk management (Brown et al., 2013). British Petroleum lost billions of dollars due to crude oil spillingRead MoreEthical Issues Surrounding the Bp Oil Spill1236 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues surrounding the BP Oil Spill By: Angela Higgins December 16, 2010 The BP Oil Spill which happened on April 20, 2010, was the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history releasing approximately 185 million gallons of crude oil into the gulf. This event was the result of a wellhead on the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform blowing out in the Gulf of Mexico approximately 40 miles southeast offs the Louisiana coastline. Eleven men working on the oil rig platform were killedRead MoreBp Oil Spill : Business Law1601 Words   |  7 Pageseducation, economic development, practical approaches to environmental issues, and humanitarian relief†, has donated more than $210 million dollars. Since 2006, the BP Foundation has also donated $20 million to humanitarian relief. ( BP PLC (BP) Company Profile | Reuters.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2015.) BP is the largest lease holder in the Gulf of Mexico and has been for the last 10 years, with roughly 600 leases. Drilling in the Gulf for BP has proven to be extremely profitable along withRead M oreThe Legal Issues and Ethical Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and British Petroleum Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico 20101542 Words   |  7 PagesHead: BP GULF OIL SPILL The Legal Issues and Ethical Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and British Petroleum Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico 2010 Terry D. Bollman Park University BP Gulf Oil Spill 2 British Petroleum’s Roll in the Gulf Oil Spill This paper will explain some of the effects of three legal issues and three ethical issues surrounding the London-based British Petroleum Company’s involvement in the explosion of the offshore oil rig Deepwater Horizon and the subsequent

Societal Norms Of Domestic Violence - 2500 Words

Abstract Each situation within society has its own guidelines to follow and is determined based on a particular group. There are many social norms surrounding acceptable behaviors within society. This paper will examine societal norms in relation to behavior from a domestic violence view and explore the batterer’s and victim’s perspective. Keywords: domestic violence, batterer, victim, social norms, theories Domestic Violence a Social Issue Everyone is different with a unique set of values which shapes our beliefs and views that affect our personal behavior. Domestic violence can happen to anyone no matter the race, ethnicity, or social economic status. According to Babcock, Gree, and Robie (2004), domestic violence is a learned behavior and is defined by the North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (2014) â€Å"Is when two people get into an intimate relationship and one person uses a pattern of coercion and control against the other person during the relationship and/or after the relationship has terminated. It often includes physical sexual, emotional, or economic abuse.† When defining the parties involved in domestic violence disputes, a batterer and/or victim can be male or female. For the purpose of research results we will discuss the batterer being male and the victim as female. The process of understanding domestic violence includes understanding human behavior in the social environment a nd examining battering from a batterer’s perspective.Show MoreRelatedAlcoholism Is A Strong Predictor Of Job Loss Amongst Men829 Words   |  4 Pagesperceived positive societal gains from social drinking. Results of the study indicated that males who consumed alcohol at a similar rate of their peers were considered the most popular. Alternatively, those who consumed greater amongst of alcohol than their peers were social ostracized. This study indicates that individuals who are willing to conform to group standards in regards to alcohol consumption are more likely to be excepted than individuals below or above the norm. The present study conductedRead MoreRelation Between Traditional And Modern Societies Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: According to family violence clearinghouse, intimate partner violence consists of physical and sexual violence, emotional abuse, intimidation, harassment, economic abuse damage to property and threats or sexual abuse towards an intimate partner. Whilst intimate partner is defined as spouses, co-habiting partners, dating partners, boyfriend/girlfriend and separated or divorced partners. (Rayner-Thomas, Fanslow, Dixon, 2014, p. 4) Sociologist, Emile Durkheim was well-known for his understandingRead MoreThe Peace Domestic Violence Agency1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe PEACE Domestic Violence Agency (PEACE) has a mission of reducing the victim trauma, empower the survivors, and lastly, promote the recovery of the victims in the city of Portland. PEACE does this through the use of the direct services by trying to reduce the incidence of sexual assault and domestic violence through education all while striving to challenge societal norms and beliefs that condone and perpetuate violence in the community. Part One: In this paper, a stakeholder is the key to theRead MoreThe Prevalence Of The Human Papilloma Virus ( Hpv )1576 Words   |  7 Pagesserving as a median for the rest. This study explores these social, educational, cultural, and behavioral factors and how they influence the high prevalence of HPV in the Caribbean. Literature Review In The Influence of Early Sexual Debut and Sexual Violence on Adolescent Pregnancy: A Matched Case-Control Study in Jamaica, Joy Noel Bumgartner et.al conducted interviews with 250 pregnant and sexually experienced females between the ages of 15-17, but never-pregnant, neighborhood-matched controls. TheirRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children780 Words   |  4 PagesDefinition/History/Statistics Historically, domestic violence has been a devastating social problem affecting individuals from every segment of the American society irrespective of race, class, age, religion, sexual orientation, nationality and economic status. Although, men to a smaller extent experience domestic violence, it is usually understood as a women s issue; which inadvertently affects children. Approximately, 85 to 95% of victims are females (Laney, 2010). Every 9 seconds in the UnitedRead MoreViolence Against Women Is A Women’S Health Issue Stemming1465 Words   |  6 PagesViolence against women is a women’s health issue stemming from the cultural acceptance of the power dynamic between men and women. Specifically, men are socialized to be more powerful, commanding and assert themselves in the public sphere. While females are socialized to be more docile, reserved, obedient and to consume as little space as possible – both physically and figuratively. This mindset is something t hat adversely affects the health of women, taking away her autonomy, and subverting herRead MoreDomestic Violence Related Crime Throughout West Virginia1208 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic violence is a universal problem that can affect an individual of any age, gender, race, education level, social class, or culture. This type of violence is considered to be one of the most widespread public health crises in the United States (Black et al., 2011). The purpose of this essay is to create a plan for a program that addresses domestic violence-related crime in West Virginia. To begin, significant information in relation to domestic violence will be provided. This will be followedRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Identity Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagescreating stereotypes and societal norms. Males are groomed to be leaders and protectors and women to be nurturers and housewives. These stereotypes control not only young children but the adults that are raising them. Lois Gould, author of X: A Fabulous Child’s Story, details how it would be difficult to be a unisex child not only because of peer alienation but also because the judgement parents would inflict because they too are slaves to societal norms. These societal norms negatively affect genderRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence And Sexual Relationships1379 Words   |  6 PagesIntimate Partner Violence One of the biggest problems that have been happening in some households over the last numbers of years is intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV has been identified as a world-wide public health concern (Kulwicki and Miller, 1999). The term intimate partner violence has been defined as the physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual abuse between a person and their spouse, this includes cohabitation and marriage. This type of violence will usually involve harm/control from oneRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Social And Legal Problem1344 Words   |  6 PagesHistorically, domestic violence has been viewed as a private issue to be dealt with between partners. It wasn’t until the 1970s that intimate partner violence (IPV), also known as domestic violence, became recognized as both a social and legal problem. Policy and lawmakers have been avidly defining the roles of the criminal justice system and communities in responding to domestic violence since its official acknowledgements as a pu blic issue. Male Victims’ Experiences with Domestic Violence Our societal

The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship The American Dream Free Essays

I have always been fascinated by the concept of the â€Å"American Dream†. Even if, nowadays, this concept is more and more criticize because some people believe that the structure of American society doesn’t follow anymore the idealistic goal of the â€Å"American Dream†, providing example such as inequality in class or race which suggest that the â€Å"American Dream† is not attainable for all. But to me the term â€Å"American Dream† stays unchanged: all people can succeed through hard work, and all people have the potential to live happy and successful lives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship: The American Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now And in my mind, the entrepreneurship is one of the most famous way to achieve this â€Å"American Dream†. Steven BUYERS who is the founder and owner of EnergyLogic –a fast-growing company in Northern Colorado, appears to me as a very good example of this â€Å"American Dream† which is about hope and the potential for change. In fact, I feel this at the same time through the very innovative and sustainable development oriented concept of his company, and the take of initiative he seems able to show without having a precise idea of where it will lead him. In this paper, I’m going to discuss two major topics which seems relevant to me given Steven BUYERS’ experience, they are: the self-made man and the capacity to see opportunity. Self-made man The first thing I would like to precise is about the vision I have of a self-made man. Obviously when I use this term I’m not saying that Steven BUYERS is the only one responsible of the success of his company, because it would mean that nobody have accompanied him in this project and it wouldn’t be fair not to think about his employees or his wife who has apparently plays a huge role in his success. But I rather mean that he had managed to create and manage a success business starting from like nothing. The concept of the self-made man is necessarily connected with the â€Å"American dream† that I have mentioned before. The self-made man comes from unpromising circumstances, is not born into privilege and wealth, and manages to become a great success in life by his own efforts. The story of the self-made man embodies the goal of every man: â€Å"to become the captain of his own destiny. Actually this is really close to the reasons that people become entrepreneurs and starts their own firms, that is to say: â€Å"be their own boss, pursue their own ideas and pursue financial rewards. † A self-made man is anyone who attains far greater success which was not predictable. The background that Steven BUYERS told us about isn’t exactly what we can call a â€Å"predestinated background†. Indeed, he went through many different jobs and life’s experiences (from the army to a bookstore) before he found his way which tends to prove us that he is one of whose are able to create their own greatness. Finally I would say that being a self-made man, as being an entrepreneurship, is the result of a difference in your character and a willingness to do whatever it takes to be the best and achieve your dreams, just as the concessions made by Steven BUYERS at the beginning of his project. Capacity to see opportunity â€Å"An opportunity is a favorable set of circumstances that creates a need for a new product, service or business. † When we know that homes represent 20% of the energy use in USA –whereas transport â€Å"only† represents 27%, it appears logical to focus on this problem. But at the time that Steven BUYERS started his business, that is to say in 1998, nobody cared about saving energy. He came with this really simple question: â€Å"How to be more efficient with houses’ energy? †, and his project was to provide people with a solution. As far as the opportunity recognition is concerned, Steven BUYERS has done a really good job. Indeed, he identified a product/service that people need and are willing to buy. Everybody isn’t able to see opportunity, because opportunity isn’t just an idea you come with thinking it could work. And this is a crucial point which will determine if the business is going to work, or not. An opportunity has to perform four essential qualities: attractive, durable, timely and anchored to a product. That was the case for Steven’s idea. It was attractive because it allows people to save money; it was durable because it lasts a life-time; it was timely because sustainable development was beginning to develop; and finally it was anchored to a product because it deals with houses and isolation. What is even more impressive in this recognition of opportunity is that Steven BUYERS hasn’t done any real market study or business plan before launching his company. To me the way to identify an opportunity which fit the best to Steven BUYERS is the personal characteristics of entrepreneur. This capacity to see opportunity is an essential trait in my mind which is related to creativity. To conclude I would cite the philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson: â€Å"Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. † Being an entrepreneur means being able to go where nobody else went before you, being able to take risks, being able to see opportunities where nobody has looked before you†¦ In my mind there is different ways to succeed in your job. Steven BUYERS succeed by seeing opportunities and managing his own success story as many self-made men have done before him. But no matter what is your background as far as you take your chance to develop successfully your business idea. Unfortunately, nowadays, entrepreneurs are more and more assimilated to capitalism and all the unfairness it can raise. As a result, famous self-made men such as Rockefeller are not as well-recognized as they were in the past –and sometimes even criticized. So we can wonder if the â€Å"American Dream† is still an example to follow or a goal to reach for the majority of American people. How to cite The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship: The American Dream, Papers

Monasticism In The Middle Ages Analysis Essay Example For Students

Monasticism In The Middle Ages Analysis Essay Monasticism in the Middle Ages During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the monasteries served as one of the great civilizing forces by being the centers of education, preservers of learning, and hubs of economic development.Western monasticism was shaped by Saint Benedict of Nursia, who in 529, established a monastery in southern Italy.He created a workable model for running a monastery that was used by most western monastic orders of the Early Middle Ages. To the three vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity, which formed the foundation of most of the old monasteries, he added the vow of manual labor.Each monk did some useful work, such as, plowing the fields, planting and harvesting the grain, tending the sheep, or milking the cows.Others worked at various trades in the workshops.No task was too lowly for them. Benedicts rules laid down a daily routine of monastic life in much greater detail than the preceding rules appear to have done (Cantor 167-168).Schwartz 2The monks also believed in learning, and for centuries had the only schools in existence.The churchmen were the only people who could read or write.Most nobles and kings could not even write their names. The monastery schools were only available to young nobles who wished to master the art of reading in Latin, and boys who wished to study to become priests (Ault 405). The monasteries played a part as the preservers of learning.Many monks busied themselves copying manuscripts and became medieval publishing houses.They kept careful calendars so that they could keep up with the numerous saints days, and other feast days of the medieval church. The monks who kept the calendar often jotted down, in the margins, happenings of interest in the neighborhood or information learned from a traveler.Most of the books in existence, during the Middle Ages, were produced by monks, called scribes. These manuscripts were carefully and painstakingly handwritten.When the monks were writing, no one was allowed to speak, and they used sign languageto communicate with each other. The books were written on vellum, made from calfs skin, or parchment, made from sheeps skin.The scribes used gothic letters, that were written so perfectly, they looked as if they were printed by a press.Many of the books were elaborately ornamented with gold or colore!d letters.The borders around each page were decorated with garlands, vines, or flowers. After the books were written, they were bound in leather or covered with velvet.The monks copied Schwartz 3bibles, hymns, and prayers, the lives of the saints, as well as the writings of the Greeks and Romans and other ancient peoples.The scribes added a little prayer at the end of each book, because they felt that god would be pleased with their work.Without their efforts, these stories and histories would have been lost to the world. The monks became the historians of their day by keeping a record of important events, year by year.It is from their writings that we derive a great deal of knowledge of the life, customs, and events of the medieval times (Ault 158).Medieval Europe made enormous economic gains because of the monks.They proved themselves to be intelligent landlords and agricultural colonizers of Western Europe. A very large proportion of the soil of Europe, in the Middle Ages, was wasteland.There were marshes and forests covering much of the land.The monasteries started cultivating the soil, draining the swamps, and cutting down the forests.These monastic communities attracted settlements of peasants around them because the monastery offered security. Vast areas of land were reclaimed for agricultural purposes.The peasants copied the agricultural methods of the monks.Improved breeding of cattle was developed by the monastic communities.Many monasteries were surrounded by marshes, but their land became fertile farms. .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 , .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .postImageUrl , .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 , .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:hover , .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:visited , .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:active { border:0!important; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:active , .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6 .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u364b302f8b2677789804a5da1e235ef6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Terminus Hotels EssayThe monasteries became model farms and served as local schools of agriculture. Farmingwas a chief economic activity of the monasteries.They sold the excess that they grew in the marketpla!ce, and this drew them into trade and commerce.Schwartz 4They sold hogs, charcoal, iron, building stone, and timber. This made them into the centers of civilization.Many monasteries conducted their market during patron saints day, and for several days or weeks after it.The aim was to buy and sell at a time when the greatest number of people assembled.Many times, the merchandise sold was not actually present at the market, but the buyer had to travel to another monastery to get it. No deferred payments or partial payments were allowed.Articles could not be bartered or exchanged for other articles.The prevalence of a money economy made this rule enforceable (Dahmus 322). In theory, the monasteries were supposed to use the gains of disposing of their surplus for religious purposes. . .These religious orders did vast amounts of charitable work and built beautiful buildings during this period.The monasteries heaped up vast treasures as a result of their personal activity.In many monasteries, only a small part of the land was cultivated by the monks. The remainder was allotted out to laborers, dairymen, foresters, and serfs, who paid their dues and rents in kind.Some of the articles received were eggs, cheese, mustard, shingles, posts, kegs, and casks.Many women spun and wove linen cloth, and sewed garments for the monks.Serfs tilled the fields and cultivated the vines. The monasteries had their trade well organized.They knew all of the paths and shortcuts on the highways.They built warehouses to hold their merchandise.They also started the practice of using agents to sell their products. Many monasteries were built on the Schwartz 5banks of navigable rivers, and this added to the development of their capabilities.Almost all of the monasteries received immunity from tolls along the highways and rivers.As the monasteries entered more and more into trade, as means of increasing their incomes, they established markets at convenient points between their monastery and other dependent holdings.The monasteries came into the possession of widely scattered lands as a result of donations. As their possessions became widely dispersed, it became difficult to maintain a strong centralorganization to manage their holdings and to keep them profitable to the monastery.Many times, the monasteries exchanged possessions of their widely scattered properties for those that were more centrally located.Often, exchanges were difficult to accomplish because the donations were given with a stipulation that the monastery had to retain the land in its possession (Thompson 663).Many artisans were employed at the monasteries. They manufactured utensils and articles that were the by-products of agriculture, like harnesses, saddles, shoes, and woolen goods.Many times, these artisans lived in quarters outside of the monastery walls.Fine arts were also represented by craftsmen living in the monastery.There were many skilled men practicing their trades, such as wood and stone carvers, guilders, painters, goldsmiths, silversmiths, and parchment makers. Because the monks enjoyed many privileges and exemptions, they wereSchwartz 6able to produce articles of manufacture at a cost far below those of regular artisans and merchants (Lacroix 301).We have observed in the history of the development of the monastic economic system that there are successive stages.At first, the monasteries were agricultural colonies; then they began to market their produce; then to manufacture commodities.As the economic and social life of Europe grew more complex, the monasteries looked for new forms of investments. They developed a mortgage and loan business and became the earliest banking corporation of the middle ages.Although the Church prohibited the charging of interest, the monasteries argued that they were a corporation, not a person, so no sin was attached to the taking of interest.The loans made always carried a high collateral so the monastery made a handsome profit, even in the event of a default.Many times, the person borrowing the money was required to make a gift apart from the collateral he had to put up. .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d , .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .postImageUrl , .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d , .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:hover , .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:visited , .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:active { border:0!important; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:active , .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b92001881321120d24593b02968112d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cause And Effect: Women's Rights EssayWhen the loan was paid back by the borrower, he was also expected to make an additional gift.The loa!ns made by the monasteries were usually short term, and the borrower would have trouble repaying it.Frequently, the monastery would cancel the loan, and the land held as security would go to the monastery.As the loan business grew, the monasteries were compelled to seek the assistance of trained officials to handle various transactions. Jews were hired for this purpose, since they were skilled money-changers and brokers of this period.This was a Schwartz 7natural transition from making profits in markets and trade to actual banking (Hartman 213).In conclusion, the monasteries offered many important services to the regions in which they were located.The monks and monasteries offered the leadership, that society needed, that could only come from the Church. They provided examples of order and discipline, preserved classical works, and taught reading and writing.The scribes did a great service to civilization, for through their work, many valuable books are preserved for us today, that otherwise might have been lost to the world.Monasteries were educational and economic centers in the areas in which they were established.They had a profound influence in the development of the society of the time. They acted as centers of agriculture and trade.Monasticism, which had begun as a flight from the civilized world, became, not only an integral part of society, but a great civilizing force of their time.